October 1, 1856
First installment of Madame Bovary is published
On this day, the Revue de Paris publishes the first segment of Madame Bovary, by Gustave Flaubert. The novel was published in installments from this day until December 15, 1856.
The novel, about the romantic illusions of a country doctor's wife and her adulterous liaisons, scandalized French traditionalists. Flaubert was brought to trial for obscenity in 1857. He was acquitted, and the book became a popular success. The book's realistic, serious portrayal of humble characters and situations became a milestone of French realism.
Flaubert, the son of the chief surgeon of the hospital in Rouen, France, began writing stories in his teens. In 1840, he went to Paris to study law but failed his exams. Three years later, he had a nervous breakdown. He retired to a small town outside Rouen to write. In 1846, he began a long, tempestuous affair with poet Louise Colet, which ended bitterly in1855. Meanwhile, he traveled extensively with French writer Maxime du Camp, taking extended walking tours with her and journeying to Greece, Syria, and Egypt from 1849 to 1851.
When Flaubert returned from the journey, he began work on Madame Bovary, which took five years to write. The book was a hit, as was Flaubert's 1862 novel, Salammbo. The novel's detailed portrayal of ancient Carthage, based on the author's trip to Tunisia in 1860, launched a Tunisian fad in Paris. His 1869 novel, Sentimental Education, about the July 1848 French uprising, was not well received. In 1877, his story collection Three Tales, including the story "A Simple Heart," was published. Flaubert died in 1880 at the age of 58.
October 1, 1918
Lawrence of Arabia captures Damascus
A combined Arab and British force captures Damascus from the Turks during World War I, completing the liberation of Arabia. An instrumental commander in the Allied campaign was T.E. Lawrence, a legendary British soldier known as Lawrence of Arabia.
Lawrence, an Oxford-educated Arabist born in Tremadoc, Wales, began working for the British army as an intelligence officer in Egypt in 1914. He spent more than a year in Cairo, processing intelligence information. In 1916, he accompanied a British diplomat to Arabia, where Hussein ibn Ali, the emir of Mecca, had proclaimed a revolt against Turkish rule. Lawrence convinced his superiors to aid Hussein's rebellion, and he was sent to join the Arabian army of Hussein's son Faisal as a liaison officer.
October 1, 1946
Nazi war criminals sentenced at Nuremberg
On October 1, 1946, 12 high-ranking Nazis are sentenced to death by the International War Crimes Tribunal in Nuremberg. Among those condemned to death by hanging were Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi minister of foreign affairs; Hermann Goering, founder of the Gestapo and chief of the German air force; and Wilhelm Frick, minister of the interior. Seven others, including Rudolf Hess, Adolf Hitler's former deputy, were given prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life. Three others were acquitted.
October 1, 1988
Mikhail Gorbachev becomes head of Supreme Soviet
Having forced the resignation of Soviet leader Andrei Gromyko, Mikhail Gorbachev names himself head of the Supreme Soviet. Within two years, he was named "Man of the Decade" by Time magazine for his role in bringing the Cold War to a close. Beginning in 1985, when he became general secretary of the Communist Party in the USSR, Gorbachev moved forward to both liberalize the Soviet economy (perestroika) and political life (glasnost), as well as decrease tensions with the United States. By late 1991, the Soviet Union was moving toward dissolution, and Gorbachev retired from office in December 1991.
October 1, 1987
Earthquake rocks Southern California
An earthquake in Whittier, California, kills 6 people and injures 100 more on this day in 1987. The quake was the largest to hit Southern California since 1971, but not nearly as damaging as the Northridge quake that would devastate parts of Los Angeles seven years later.
Whittier is a small town south of Los Angeles best known as President Richard Nixon’s hometown. At 7:42 a.m. on October 1, a 6.1-magnitude earthquake jolted Whittier and the surrounding area for a full 30 seconds, violently shaking people out of their beds and causing unsecured items to crash to the floors in homes throughout the region. Several fires were ignited when gas lines were severed by the earth’s movement. Falling debris killed six people and the earthquake caused the area’s major highways to be shut down. Despite the strong tremors, there were no major building collapses.
October 1, 1890
Congress creates Yosemite National Park
On this day in 1890, the United States Congress decrees that about 1,500 square miles of public land in the California Sierra Nevada will be preserved forever as Yosemite National Park.
Once the home to Indians whose battle cry Yo-che-ma-te ("some among them are killers") gave the park its name, Anglo-Americans began to settle in Yosemite Valley as early as the 1850s, eventually driving out the native inhabitants. Early settlers quickly recognized the unique beauty of the narrow Yosemite Valley with the sheer-faced Half Dome Mountain looming nearly a mile above the valley floor and three stunning waterfalls.
Wednesday, October 01, 1969
| Top News Headlines This Week: |
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| Oct 1 - Concorde 001 test flight breaks sound barrier |
| Top Songs for 1969 | |||
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| 1969 Prices | US President | |||||||||||||
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| Bread: | $0.23/loaf | Richard M. Nixon | ||||||||||||
| Milk: | $1.26/gal | US Vice President | ||||||||||||
| Eggs: | $1.14/doz | Spiro T. Agnew | ||||||||||||
| Car: | $3,400 | Academy Award Winners | ||||||||||||
| Gas: | $0.35/gal |
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| House: | $27,900 | |||||||||||||
| Stamp: | $0.06/ea | |||||||||||||
| Avg Income: | $10,577/yr | |||||||||||||
| Min Wage: | $1.60/hr | |||||||||||||
| DOW Avg: | 800 | |||||||||||||
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